Social cost considerations and legal constraints in implementing modular integrated utility systems

Social costs associated with the design, demonstration, and implementation of the Modular Integrated Utility System are considered including the social climate of communities, leadership patterns, conflicts and cleavages, specific developmental values, MIUS utility goal assessment, and the suitability of certian alternative options for use in a program of implementation. General considerations are discussed in the field of socio-technological planning. These include guidelines for understanding the conflict and diversity; some relevant goal choices and ideas useful to planners of the MIUS facility

Moiré nematic phase in twisted double bilayer graphene

Graphene moiré superlattices display electronic flat bands. At integer fillings of these flat bands, energy gaps due to strong electron–electron interactions are generally observed. However, the presence of other correlation-driven phases in twisted graphitic systems at non-integer fillings is unclear. Here, we report the existence of three-fold rotational (C3) symmetry breaking in twisted double bilayer graphene. Using spectroscopic imaging over large and uniform areas to characterize the direction and degree of C3 symmetry breaking, we find it to be prominent only at energies corresponding to the flat bands and nearly absent in the remote bands. We demonstrate that the magnitude of the rotational symmetry breaking does not depend on the degree of the heterostrain or the displacement field, being instead a manifestation of an interaction-driven electronic nematic phase. We show that the nematic phase is a primary order that arises from the normal metal state over a wide range of doping away from charge neutrality. Our modelling suggests that the nematic instability is not associated with the local scale of the graphene lattice, but is an emergent phenomenon at the scale of the moiré lattice.S.T. and A.N.P. acknowledge funding from Programmable Quantum Materials, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), under award no. DE-SC0019443. STM equipment support (A.N.P.) and 2D sample synthesis (Y.S.) were provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research via grant no. FA9550-16-1-0601. C.R.-V. acknowledges funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 844271. A.R. acknowledges funding by the European Research Council (ERC-2015-AdG-694097), Grupos Consolidados (IT1249-19) and the Flatiron Institute, a division of the Simons Foundation. L.K., D.M.K. and A.R. acknowledge funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy-Cluster of Excellence Matter and Light for Quantum Computing (ML4Q) EXC 2004/1-390534769 and Advanced Imaging of Matter (AIM) EXC 2056−390715994 and funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under RTG 1995, within the Priority Program SPP 2244 ‘2DMP’ and GRK 2247. A.R. acknowledges support by the Max Planck Institute-New York City Center for Non-Equilibrium Quantum Phenomena. H.O. is supported by the NSF MRSEC programme grant no. DMR-1420634. Tight-binding and fRG simulations were performed with computing resources granted by RWTH Aachen University under projects rwth0496 and rwth0589. R.S. and M.S.S. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation under grant no. DMR-2002850. R.M.F. was supported by the DOE-BES under award no. DE-SC0020045. K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan (grant no. JPMXP0112101001), JSPS KAKENHI (grant no. JP20H00354) and the CREST (grant no. JPMJCR15F3) JST.Peer reviewe

Evidence for perinatal and child health care guidelines in crisis settings: can Cochrane help?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It is important that healthcare provided in crisis settings is based on the best available research evidence. We reviewed guidelines for child and perinatal health care in crisis situations to determine whether they were based on research evidence, whether Cochrane systematic reviews were available in the clinical areas addressed by these guidelines and whether summaries of these reviews were provided in Evidence Aid.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Broad internet searches were undertaken to identify relevant guidelines. Guidelines were appraised using AGREE and the clinical areas that were relevant to perinatal or child health were extracted. We searched The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews to identify potentially relevant reviews. For each review we determined how many trials were included, and how many were conducted in resource-limited settings.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Six guidelines met selection criteria. None of the included guidelines were clearly based on research evidence. 198 Cochrane reviews were potentially relevant to the guidelines. These reviews predominantly addressed nutrient supplementation, breastfeeding, malaria, maternal hypertension, premature labour and prevention of HIV transmission. Most reviews included studies from developing settings. However for large portions of the guidelines, particularly health services delivery, there were no relevant reviews. Only 18 (9.1%) reviews have summaries in Evidence Aid.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We did not identify any evidence-based guidelines for perinatal and child health care in disaster settings. We found many Cochrane reviews that could contribute to the evidence-base supporting future guidelines. However there are important issues to be addressed in terms of the relevance of the available reviews and increasing the number of reviews addressing health care delivery.</p

Erosividade e características da chuva correlacionadas com perdas de solo em Alagoinha - PB Erosivity, rain characteristics and soil losses at Alagoinha, state of Paraíba, Brazil

Visando estabelecer o parâmetro da chuva quemelhor expresse a sua capacidade potencial de causar erosão, foram estudadas, para o período de 1981 a 1989, correlações lineares simples entre 13 características da chuva e as perdas de solo provocadas por erosão h��drica em solo classificado como Terra Roxa Estruturada localizada na Estação Experimental de Alagoinha, Paraíba, pertencente a Empresa Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária da Paraíba. As características da chuva testadas como estimadores da erosividade foram: quantidade de chuva;energia cinética total; segmentos de chuva com energia cinética igual ou superior a 25 mm/h; intensidades máximas de chuva em 5, 10, 15, 30 e 60 minutos; produto da energia cinética total pelas intensidades máximas em 5, 10, 15, 30 e 60 minutos. As correlações obtidas indicam que a característica da chuva produto da energia cinética total pela intensidade máxima em 15 minutos é a que melhor se correlaciona com as perdas de solo na região em estudo; entretanto, não houve diferença significativa entre as características produto da energia cinética total pela intensidade máxima em 15 minutos e produto da energia cinética total pela intensidade máxima em 30 minutos. O valor médio anual para a precipitação em Alagoinha - PB no período de 1981 a 1989 foi de 3423 MJ.mm/ha.h.<br>The objective of this study was to establish a rain parameter that can be used to express the potential capability of the rain to cause soil erosion. Datafrom 1981 to 1989 were used in simple linear corre letions among 13 rain characteristics and soil tosses using individual erosive rains in an Alfisol soil of Alagoinha Experimental Station of "Empresa Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária", State of Paraíba, Brazil. The rain characteristics tested were: total precipitation; total kinetic energy; kinetic energy higher than 25 milimeters ; rain intensity at 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes; product between kinetic energy and rain intensity at 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes. The corre lations obtained among rain characteristics and soil tosses, indicated that the rain characteristic energy-intensity in 15 minutes is better correlated to soil losses. However, there was no difference between energy-intensity in 15 minutes and energy-intensity in 30 minutes characteristics. The médium year value of the erosivity (EI30) obtained for Alagoinha during the studied period was 3.423 MJ.mm/ha, h